Fig 1: ROC curve analysis (Wilson/Brown method) of HBD3 in the CSF of (A) PCR-positive cases and (B) PCR-negative cases in the ABN vs. NOR CSF. In PCR-positive vs. NOR, the estimated AUC was 0.652 (95%=0.495-0.809; P=0.033; cut-off value=652 ng/l; YI=0.42; sensitivity=78.8%; specificity=63.3%). In ABN vs. NOR, the AUC was higher than in the PCR-positive vs. NOR (AUC=0.707; 95% CI=0.573-0.841; P=0.003; cut-off value=650 ng/l; YI=0.44; sensitivity=63.6%; specificity=80.0%). ROC, receiver operating characteristic; HBD, human ß-defensin; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; ABN, abnormal; NOR, normal; AUC, area under the curve; CI, confidence interval; YI, Youden index.
Fig 2: Box and whisker plots of human ß-defensin levels. (A) HBD1, (B) HBD2, (C) HBD3, and (D) HBD4 levels in the CSF of PCR-positive cases (G-ve and G+ve bacteria). Horizontal lines inside the boxes indicate the median value, whilst the whiskers indicate the IQR. Outliers are presented as black circles. Although there were no significant differences, HBD3 [1,200 (IQR: 662-1,620) vs. 803 (IQR: 631-1,466) ng/l; P=0.28)] and HBD4 [56 (IQR: 46-68) vs. 47 (IQR: 43-57) ng/l; P=0.07] tended to have higher levels in the G-ve than in the G+ve group. HBD, human ß-defensin; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; G-ve, Gram-negative; G+ve, Gram-positive; IQR, interquartile range.
Fig 3: Box and whisker plots of HBD levels. (A) HBD1, (B) HBD2, (C) HBD3, and (D) HBD4 levels in the CSF of PCR-positive and PCR-negative cases, and in the ABN or NOR CSF cases. Horizontal lines inside the boxes indicate the median value, whilst the whiskers indicate the IQR. Outliers are presented as black circles. Only HBD3 levels showed differences between the three groups; the difference was significant between the ABN and NOR groups [1,470 (IQR: 671-2,001) vs. 572 (IQR: 427-1,679) ng/l; P=0.005]. **P<0.01. HBD, human ß-defensin; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; ABN, abnormal; NOR, normal; IQR, interquartile range; ns, not significant.
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